WASHINGTON—The Biden administration won’t send U.S. officials to attend the coming 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, the White House said, deciding instead to hold a diplomatic boycott that drew immediate criticism from China.

White House press secretary Jen Psaki cited China’s determined suppression of a Muslim minority group and other human-rights abuses in announcing Monday the administration’s decision to forgo any diplomatic or other official U.S. representation at the Beijing Games.